Multiple Myeloma Overview – Signs and Symptoms
Multiple myeloma is cancer in the plasma cells of the bone marrow. These cells are a kind of white blood cells that are the protein-making cells. These cells make the different antibodies for the body to stay immune. In multiple myeloma, these plasma cells start making only one type of abnormal protein instead of the different kinds of antibodies that are required by the body. The abnormal type of protein cells is referred to as monoclonal or M protein.
Causes of multiple myeloma
While any definite cause for multiple myeloma is indefinite, there are some factors that can trigger the production of abnormal protein by the plasma cells. Some of these factors include harmful radiation, toxic chemicals, certain viruses, and immunity disorders. Genetic factors and family history are also important factors.
Signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma
It is common to find asymptomatic patients with multiple myeloma with absolutely no signs or symptoms. But as the illness advances, there are a number of symptoms that show up. Here is an overview of the signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma.
- Bone problems like pain that are experienced more commonly in parts like hips, skull, and the back. Other bone problems that may indicate multiple myeloma include bone weakness all over the body or at the site of plasmacytoma. Patients with multiple myeloma may also sometimes fracture their bones even if it’s a minor injury.
- Low blood counts are looked at as signs for multiple myeloma. A low red blood cell count can cause anemia, which is characterized by weakness and reduced ability to exercise or do an intense physical activity.
- Leucopenia, a condition caused to lessen white blood cells lowers the immunity against infections. When the patient has low blood platelets, he is prone to bleeding a lot even it is a small cut or wound.
- High blood levels of calcium can show multiple signs like extreme thirst, frequent urination, severe constipation, weakness, and loss of appetite, among the others.
- Sudden severe back pain and muscle weakness in the legs can occur due to the weak bones collapsing in the spine, which causes a pressure on the spinal nerves. This is one of the multiple myeloma signs and symptoms that need immediate medical attention.
- Weakness and numbness in nerves caused due to the abnormal proteins that are toxic to the nerves.
- A higher number of M proteins can make the blood thicker. This thickening, also referred to as hyperviscosity, can result in slower blood flow to the brain and cause confusion, dizziness, and stroke-like symptoms.
- The abnormal protein may also cause damage to the kidney and hinder its ability to dispose of the excess salt and other waste efficiently.
It is important to note that all or some of these signs and symptoms are not always indicative of multiple myeloma and may be due to other medical conditions as well. The best way to know is by seeing a doctor to rule out the possibility of multiple myeloma.
